"What's the best workout to increase paddle strength ?"
"Do paddle gloves make me go faster ?"
You need 3 things to catch a wave - Power, Position and Timing.
Power - you the paddler, the size and float of your board, the speed of the wave itself etc.
Position - Where the board is on the wave, Where you are on the board.
Timing - When to start paddling, when to pause, when to stop, when to pop.
If you have Bad Timing, you could make it up with a strong paddle and being in the right spot.
If you have Bad Position, ( say because of the crowd or current ), you could make up for it with quicker than normal pop up or a fade to adjust timing and use your power to get in.
But of the three - Timing and Position are most important. Even if you are not very strong ( or a bit on the heavier side like some of the uncles at Waikiki ) you can use your knowledge of the waves to know where to sit and when to go, and catch everything.
Watch this video from 1:03 mark.
That's how easy it is.