As others have said, there wasn't much of a wave to get and you were nowhere near close enough to the shoulder (either the right or the left)... but... I've been known to catch the crumbling whitewater once in a while, but the difference is all in getting back to the face.
So, assuming you've taken everyone's advice and you're a bit closer to the shoulder and you've paddled harder. You're still going to be caught by the whitewater, but you want to make more of it.
First of all, there's that long pause while you get bounced around by the whitewater and then finally you stand up. My way of catching a broken wave, and this works from 1ft to well overhead, is to be an inch or two further back on my board than usual. But then when the whitewater hits you, immediately arch your back, bring your feet up above your bum, put all your weight on your hands, and drive the board down in front of the whitewater... and pop up as soon as the nose is breaking into the clean area in front of the wave.
You'll have quite a lot of speed at this point. Use it. Turn towards the open face. Turn hard, drag your hand in the water, then all the weight back onto the front foot, stay low, and
drive forward... get out in front of the whitewater and onto the face, or at the very least the edge of the whitewater and basically repeat until you're on the face.
Then you can pump for speed.
In reality, on that wave, for the left at least, you'll get one good turn from the bottom/whitewater, up to the top and then turn back down again, and that will be it, but if you can manage that, I imagine you'll be secretly quite pleased with yourself.
